FRENCH FLASHCARD VOCABULARY AND EXAMPLE ATTRIBUTION

This edition contains 5,000 distinct cards: 417 original French teaching cards and 4,583 dictionary-derived cards. The records and examples marked source: wiktionary are distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Meanings and bilingual usage examples adapted from English Wiktionary contributors, via the Kaikki.org French dictionary and Wiktextract by Tatu Ylonen and contributors.
English Wiktionary: https://en.wiktionary.org/
Each sourced card links to its French entry and contributor history. Source sense IDs are retained in the data export and editorial audit.
Kaikki French dictionary: https://kaikki.org/dictionary/French/index.html
Wiktextract: https://github.com/tatuylonen/wiktextract
Source data: https://kaikki.org/dictionary/French/kaikki.org-dictionary-French.jsonl

Snapshot: enwiktionary dump 2026-10-01; Kaikki extraction 2026-10-25; retrieved 2026-10-30.
Snapshot SHA-256: d77a7a054913ff92d906ee0eb3719d0c2dd2d20463cf6bed61d64ec0c1e62205
Snapshot size: 592859335 bytes.

Adaptations: select one sense per distinct headword or phrase; omit inflection-only, obsolete, offensive and other unsuitable records; require an English meaning and a bilingual contributor example tied to the SAME sense; select an exact target surface; retain grammatical gender and register; correct selected glosses/translations; add stable identifiers, topic labels, difficulty suggestions and spelling-frequency scores. A small number of source examples were replaced with newly authored literal examples to correct a sense mismatch. Those adaptations remain in the CC BY-SA subset. Third-party quotations (quotation/ref/roman records) are excluded. Usage examples can be complete sentences or short phrases; neither the full dictionary nor all possible word senses are reproduced.

Original cards and examples are separate from this licensed dictionary subset. This notice does not relicense unrelated site code, branding, course material or original cards. No complete independent expert review is claimed. The source is community-edited and editorial classifications are study suggestions.

Frequency scores: wordfreq 3.1.1, Robyn Speer and contributors, https://pypi.org/project/wordfreq/3.1.1/
Scores describe spellings in a mixed corpus, not combined lemmas or distinct senses. They are browsing aids, not definitive most-common-word ranks or CEFR ratings.

The complete wordfreq attribution notice follows.

wordfreq  
Copyright 2022 Robyn Speer

# Attribution notes

Robyn Speer must be credited as Robyn Speer, which is her maiden name, used on academic work.
Crediting her as Elia Robyn Lake (her married name) will make the credit less effective, as it will
not line up with other work.

Crediting Robyn Speer by a different name than one of the above is a serious violation of the license,
in which case you do not have permission to use, copy, or redistribute wordfreq.

If you use wordfreq in academic work, you must cite it. See "Citing wordfreq" in README.md.

# Included licenses

`wordfreq` is freely redistributable under the Apache license (see
`LICENSE.txt`), and it includes data files that may be
redistributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
license (<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>).

`wordfreq` contains data extracted from Google Books Ngrams
(<http://books.google.com/ngrams>) and Google Books Syntactic Ngrams
(<http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/books/syntactic-ngrams/index.html>).
The terms of use of this data are:

    Ngram Viewer graphs and data may be freely used for any purpose, although
    acknowledgement of Google Books Ngram Viewer as the source, and inclusion
    of a link to http://books.google.com/ngrams, would be appreciated.

`wordfreq` also contains data derived from the following Creative Commons-licensed
sources:

- The Leeds Internet Corpus, from the University of Leeds Centre for Translation
  Studies (<http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/list.html>)

- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (<http://www.wikipedia.org>)

- ParaCrawl, a multilingual Web crawl (<https://paracrawl.eu>)

It contains data from OPUS OpenSubtitles 2018
(<http://opus.nlpl.eu/OpenSubtitles.php>), whose data originates from the
OpenSubtitles project (<http://www.opensubtitles.org/>) and may be used with
attribution to OpenSubtitles.

It contains data from various SUBTLEX word lists: SUBTLEX-US, SUBTLEX-UK,
SUBTLEX-CH, SUBTLEX-DE, and SUBTLEX-NL, created by Marc Brysbaert et al.
(see citations below) and available at
<http://crr.ugent.be/programs-data/subtitle-frequencies>.

I (Robyn Speer) have obtained permission by e-mail from Marc Brysbaert to
distribute these wordlists in wordfreq, to be used for any purpose, not just
for academic use, under these conditions:

- Wordfreq and code derived from it must credit the SUBTLEX authors.
- It must remain clear that SUBTLEX is freely available data.

These terms are similar to the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license.

Some additional data was collected by a custom application that watched the
streaming Twitter API, in accordance with Twitter's Developer Agreement &
Policy. This software gives statistics about words that were commonly used on
Twitter; it does not display or republish any Twitter content, and does not
contain any content from after Twitter's sale.